Financial Ratio Analysis On Company Performance Commerce Essay

Financial Ratio Analysis On Company Performance Commerce Essay Critically evaluating the financial analysis position of the two major UK based Companies BP plc and Royal Dutch Shell plc by calculating the ratios which seems to be an appropriate to bring-out the performance and the strategic financial management of the companies. BP PLC AT Glance BP is one of the worlds largest energy companies, providing its customers with fuel for transportation, energy for heat and light, retail services and petrochemicals products for everyday items with Core BP Brands are: Castrol Arco Aral Am Pm Wild bean cafà © Starting in 1908 with oil found in a rugged part of Persia after a long and difficult search. Still commencing its development in this 21st century with the long-term projects in Russia, the Gulf of Mexico, North America, Azerbaijan, Indonesia were it has a lot of oil and gas in the proverbial pipelines. The BP group operates across six continents, were products and services are available in more than 100 countries with 80,300 employees (at 31st Dec 2009).the sales and other operating revenues comes to $239 billion (2009).the number of service stations expanding to 22,400 with an active exploration and production in 30countries. SHELL PLC at Glance The parent company of the Shell group is Royal Dutch Shell plc, which is incorporated in England and Wales. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies and headquarters are in The Hague, the Netherlands, were Chief Executive Officer is Peter Voser. Its aim is to meet the energy needs of society, in ways that are economically, socially and environmentally viable, now and in the future. The brand oils are: Shell Advance :-Shell Advance oils unique performance package is dedicated to bikes and bikers, backed by years of know-how and expertise in lubricants and biking experience. Shell Donax :-Shell Donax Heavy Duty Transmission fluids. Protecting the fleet and reducing the maintenance costs. Shell HelixHYPERLINK javascript:void(#):-Shell Helix motor oil contains active cleansing agents that continuously clean and protect the engine, allowing it to operate at its full potential. Shell Retinax :-The superior performance of Shell Retinax greases is recognised by many of the worlds leading truck manufacturers, many choosing Retinax as their factory-fill grease of first choice. Shell Rimula :-Shell Rimula is one of the worlds leading brands of heavy duty diesel engine oils with top quartile brand preference in many of the markets in which they operate. Shell Rotella :-Shell Rotella portfolio includes heavy duty diesel engine oils, coolants, multi grade oils, designed to provide excellent performance for vehicles, farm implements and construction equipment. Shell Spirax :-Shell Spirax is a leading brand of transmission and gear fluids. Shell Plc operates in above 90countries with 101,000 number of employees on sale of 145 billion litres of fuel. It produces 2% of worlds oil and 3% of worlds gas containing of 44,000 thousand shell service stations and above 35 refineries and chemical plants all over the world. What Is PIMS? Profit Impact of Marketing Strategy (PIMS) is a data base of the market profiles and business results of major American and European companies developed with intention of providing empirical evidence of which business strategies lead to success with in particular industries. Data from the study is used to craft strategies in strategic management and marketing strategy. The study identified several strategic variables that typically influence profitability. Some of the most important strategic variables studied were Market share Product quality Investment intensity Service quality The PIMS project was started by Sidney Schoeffler working at GE in the 1960s, then picked up by Harvards Management Science Institute in the early 1970s, and has been administered by the American Strategic Planning Institute since 1975. It was initiated by senior managers at GE who wanted to know why some of their business units were more profitable than others. With the help of Sidney Schoeffler they set up a research project in which each of their strategic business units reported their performance on dozens of variables. This was then expanded to outside companies in the early 1970s. The survey, between 1970 and 1983, involved 3,000 strategic business units (SBU), from 200 companies. Each SBU gave information on the market, within which they operated, the products they had brought to market and the efficiency of the strategies they had implemented. (http://www.economicexpert.com). The PIMS project analysed the data they had gathered to identify the options, problems, resources and opportunities faced by each SBU. According to Tellis and Golder (1996) claim that PIMS defined markets too narrowly. Respondents described their market very narrowly to give the appearance of high market share. This self reporting bias makes the conclusions suspect. They are also concerned that no defunct companies were included, leading to survival markets. (http://www.economicexpert.com). PIMS Between BP PLC and SHELL PLC BP operates at the frontiers of the energy industry wit world class assets, technology, and capability it knew how to meet the energy needs and deliver the long-term value. BP stays ahead of Shell in restructuring the efforts were the energy management have acknowledged more work is required and is to cut further 5,000 jobs globally in an effort of re-align the business to better meet the operational challenges into the global economic recovery. Shells third quarter 2009 earnings, on a current cost of supplies basis were $2.99 billon compared to $10.9 billion a year ago were the CCS earnings per share decreased by 72%in the same quarter and the cash flow operating activities also raised 42% from $12.6 billion (2009) to $7.35 billion (2008).When it comes to BP the profit fell to $4.98 billion compared to $10.03 billion an year earlier using the industry standard replacement cot profit calculation. The firm reduced the headcount by 3000 last year and is set to cut another 5,000 jobs by the end of 2009. Despite shells good operating performance in this difficult environment it is embarked on an ambitious programme of stringent measures to further improvement of performance .BP shares the remain favoured relative to shell for most buy and holds investors requiring the exposure to the firms relative progress in 2009 to maintain a trend. (http://seekingalpha.com). Performance P/L Sheet of BP PLC and SHELL PLC for the years 2009-08.   Transactions BP Shell 2009 2008 2009 2008 Revenue 239272 361143 278188 458361 Purchases 163772 266982 203075 359587 Gross profit 75500 94161 75113 98774 Production and manufacturing expenses 26954 35709 25301 25565 Selling and administrative expenses 14038 273441 18555 18136 Depreciation and amortization 12106 10985 14458 13656 Exploration expenses 1116 882 2178 1995 Net Interest and other income 5140 262095 6941 12579 Finance costs 1302 956 542 1181 Profit/loss before tax 25124 34283 21020 50820 Taxation 8365 12617 8302 24344 Profit/loss after tax for financial year 16759 21666 12718 26476 Fair Calculations of ratios are as follows Calculation of Selected Ratios for Companies Performance: Using the financial information of the companies the few selected ratios are calculated and explained as follows 1)  (ROCE) Return On Capital Employed =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 15 22.35 SHELL 10.48 29.67 BP 2009= 15 BP 2008 = 22.35 Shell 2009=0.48 Shell 2008=29.67 Gross profit margin ratio tells the profit a company makes on its cost of sales or cost of goods sold. Here, BP shows an approx 7% fall in 2009 when compared to 2008. Shell shows a fall of 18% in 2009 which more compared to 2008. 2) Gross Profit Margin =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 31.55 26.07 SHELL 27 21.55 BP 2009 = 31.55 Bp 2008= 26.07 Shell 2009 = 27 Shell 2008= 21.55 Gross profit margin ratio tells the profit a company makes on its cost of sales or cost of goods sold. Both the companies BP and Shell had show a result of 5.50% goods sold during 2009 which is quite better than the 2008. 3) Mark up =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 46.10 35.27 SHELL 36.99 27.47 BP 2009=46.10 BP 2008= 35.27 Shell 2009= 36.99 Shell 2008= 27.47 Mark-up is the amount, or percentage, a trader adds to the cost price of goods, in order to achieve a profit. The mark-up is the profit percentage based on the cost of goods sold. Both the companies have showed an increase of 10% mark up price in 2009 than the previous year 2008. 4) Current ration =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 1.14:1 0.95:1 SHELL 1.14:1 1.10:1 BP 2009= 1.14:1 Bp 2008= 0.95:1 Shell 2009=1.14:1 Shell 2008=1.10:1 Measuring the both companys efficiency and short-term liabilities gives out the current ratio of working capital. In the year 2009 BP and SHELL shows an equal ratio of efficiency than the year 2008. 5) ACID TEST RATIO =   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2009 YR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2008 YR BP 0.76:1 0.17:1 SHELL 0.81:1 0.92:1 BP 2009 = 0.76:1 BP 2008= 0.17:1 SHELL 2009 = 0.81:1 SHELL 2008 =0.92:1 Quick or liquidity ratio is also known to be Acid test ratio. Working out with the current assets minus stock divided by current liabilities gives the value of the companys liquidity. This tells whether company have short term assets to cover the immediate liabilities without selling inventory. BP had given a quick raise of 0.60:1 between 2008-09 than the SHELL. Analytical Methods Suitable Horizontal Analysis: The analyzing of financial information for two or more years for a single company it is known as horizontal analysis. When comparing the amount in dollars computing percentage changes from year to year for all financial statement balances, such as cash and inventory. Trend analysis involves calculating each years financial statement balances as percentages of the first year known as the base year. For example the below horizontal analysis   table of the two companies are :- Horizontal Analysis 2009/2008 (%) BP Shell Revenue -33.75 -39.31 Purchases -38.66 -43.53 Gross profit -19.82 -23.95 Production and manufacturing expenses -24.52 -1.03 Selling, and administrative expenses -94.87 2.31 Depreciation and amortization 10.20 5.87 Exploration expenses 26.53 9.17 Net Interest and other income -98.04 -44.82 Finance costs 36.19 -54.11 Profit/loss before tax -26.72 -58.64 Taxation -33.70 -65.90 Profit/loss after tax for financial year -22.65 -51.96 Vertical Analysis: The term vertical analysis applies because each years figures are listed vertically on a financial statement. The total on the income statement is net sales revenue, while on the balance sheet it is total assets. This approach to financial statement analysis, also known as component percentages. Common-size balance sheets and income statements can be more easily compared, whether across the years for a single company or different companies.   Vertical Analysis 2009/2008 (%) BP Shell 2009 2008 2009 2008 Revenue 100 100 100 100 Purchases 68.45 73.93 73.00 78.45 Gross profit 31.55 26.07 27.00 21.55 Production and manufacturing expenses 11.27 9.89 9.09 5.58 Selling and administrative expenses 5.87 75.72 6.67 3.96 Depreciation and amortization 5.06 3.04 5.20 2.98 Exploration expenses 0.47 0.24 0.78 0.44 Net Interest and other income 2.15 72.57 2.50 2.74 Finance costs 0.54 0.26 0.19 0.26 Profit/loss before tax 10.50 9.49 7.56 11.09 Taxation 3.50 3.49 2.98 5.31 Profit/loss after tax for financial year 7.00 6.00 4.57 5.78 http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Profit:impact:of:marketing:strategy.html http://seekingalpha.com/article/170391-bp-stays-one-step-ahead-of-shell-in-restructuring-efforts

Public Video Surveillance Essay -- Cameras Privacy Issues

Public Video Surveillance INTRODUCTION Today’s technology has changed the way we live. It has changed the way that we view the environment, act when out in public, and the way we go about doing our daily task. Computers have greatly increased our capabilities to achieve our goals much faster. Human interaction between people has decreased because of this technology. The changes continue daily with an endless stream of new ideas and ways of doing things. There seems to be no end in site. This technology is also changing our moral and ethical values along with the way we employ them. The â€Å"burden of proof† has a new meaning because of surveillance cameras. Most of us will agree that surveillance cameras are a good idea. These cameras provide a deterrent against crime, and provides public buildings and other areas a since of security. Law enforcement use surveillance cameras to track and catch criminals, as proof in courts, and as protection for themselves and the public. Surveillance cameras can also be used for educational purposes. X-ray cameras have the ability of detecting weapons in baggages at our airports and other public buildings. They now have cameras mounted on top of stoplights to detect red light runners with ways of sending the red light violators their tickets by mail. There must be an endless list of ways that cameras can be used. We even have satellites in outer space with cameras that help us to spy on other countries. Most of us will agree that the technology of camera surveillance is important and needed to improve for the most part our lifestyles. PROFESSIONAL ISSUES FOR SURVEILLANCE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE AND PROPERTY, which includes the general public and law enforcement. This type of surv... ...nce cameras affects everyone. It is for the common good of everyone that we continue its use. It has given our nation a sense of security that we have become a custom to because it has improved our justice system. REFERENCES â€Å"CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT RADIO-TELEVISION NEWS DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION.† Ethics. 21.2 (2002). 14 September 2000. http://www.rtnda.org/ethics/coe.html â€Å"DIGEST OF LAW REFORM COMMISSION REFERENCES.† 90. Surveillance. 21.2 (2002). Surveillance: an interim report, 6 December 2001. http://www.agd.nsw.gov.au/lrc.nsf/pages/r98chp03/ Leahy, Patrick. â€Å"Scientific American. 28.2 (2002), 29 September 2002. http://www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/CRB97-005.html Nieto, Marcus. â€Å"Public Video Surveillance: Is It An Effective Crime Prevention Tool?† California Research. Bureau. June 1997. http://www.globalprivacysummit.net/Pages/sessions.html Public Video Surveillance Essay -- Cameras Privacy Issues Public Video Surveillance INTRODUCTION Today’s technology has changed the way we live. It has changed the way that we view the environment, act when out in public, and the way we go about doing our daily task. Computers have greatly increased our capabilities to achieve our goals much faster. Human interaction between people has decreased because of this technology. The changes continue daily with an endless stream of new ideas and ways of doing things. There seems to be no end in site. This technology is also changing our moral and ethical values along with the way we employ them. The â€Å"burden of proof† has a new meaning because of surveillance cameras. Most of us will agree that surveillance cameras are a good idea. These cameras provide a deterrent against crime, and provides public buildings and other areas a since of security. Law enforcement use surveillance cameras to track and catch criminals, as proof in courts, and as protection for themselves and the public. Surveillance cameras can also be used for educational purposes. X-ray cameras have the ability of detecting weapons in baggages at our airports and other public buildings. They now have cameras mounted on top of stoplights to detect red light runners with ways of sending the red light violators their tickets by mail. There must be an endless list of ways that cameras can be used. We even have satellites in outer space with cameras that help us to spy on other countries. Most of us will agree that the technology of camera surveillance is important and needed to improve for the most part our lifestyles. PROFESSIONAL ISSUES FOR SURVEILLANCE PROTECTION OF PEOPLE AND PROPERTY, which includes the general public and law enforcement. This type of surv... ...nce cameras affects everyone. It is for the common good of everyone that we continue its use. It has given our nation a sense of security that we have become a custom to because it has improved our justice system. REFERENCES â€Å"CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT RADIO-TELEVISION NEWS DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION.† Ethics. 21.2 (2002). 14 September 2000. http://www.rtnda.org/ethics/coe.html â€Å"DIGEST OF LAW REFORM COMMISSION REFERENCES.† 90. Surveillance. 21.2 (2002). Surveillance: an interim report, 6 December 2001. http://www.agd.nsw.gov.au/lrc.nsf/pages/r98chp03/ Leahy, Patrick. â€Å"Scientific American. 28.2 (2002), 29 September 2002. http://www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/CRB97-005.html Nieto, Marcus. â€Å"Public Video Surveillance: Is It An Effective Crime Prevention Tool?† California Research. Bureau. June 1997. http://www.globalprivacysummit.net/Pages/sessions.html

Hispanic Groups Living in US Essay

It is very common for someone walking down the streets of any American city and hears Spanish spoken. The federal government of America coined this term ‘Hispanic’ way back in 1970’s to refer people tracing their origin in Spanish speaking countries which were former Spanish colonies or those who can trace their origin to Spain or its territory. This represents a varied range of countries and ethnic groups with different social, political and emotional experiences. A large part of Hispanics still try to characterize themselves in terms of their individual ethnic identity as Mexican, Cuban, and others rather the whole term ‘Hispanic’. Hispanic Americans, n. d. ) The wide range of the Hispanic group includes Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, El Salvadorians, Guatemalans, Nicaraguans, Columbians, Central and South Americans among others. The Puerto Ricans, Mexicans and Cubans form the largest part of the Hispanics living in America. (Tienda and Mitchell, 2006) America’s cultural canvas is very vivid as each group brought their respective culture’s specialty with them which has totally mingled in the main force. The Hispanic community has left their mark over traditions, customs and cultures throughout the country and the bilingual education structure of America displays the growing importance in the country as they are the largest minority community. It has been noticed that people from the Hispanic groups have done well in various fields and their progress is something to be watched. The 2002 census showed the Mexicans forming the largest part of the population with 66. 9%, followed by Central and Latin Americans at 14. 3%, third position held by Puerto Ricans, others 6. % and last Cubans at 3. 7%. (The Hispanic Population, 2002) Majority of the Hispanics are native born neutralizes citizens or have acquired legal residency status. They are largely concentrated in the west part of the country especially the urban areas of Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, New Mexico, New York, and Texas. There is a tendency among them to live in family units which are generally large in size unlike the non-Hispanic Whites. In comparison to Whites communities, the rate of unemployment and poverty is much more in the Hispanic groups. Mexican Americans are the one to form the largest part of the Hispanic population living in America and they are also the largest group of White Hispanics. The Mexican immigration could be traced in the past decades as they started establishing themselves in the 1600s in southwestern parts of the country who later became New Mexico, Arizona, California, Colorado and Texas. (Stacy, 2002) The work at railroads and steel industry of the Midwest America attracted them in the 1800s and this immigration is still continued to the present time. Today majority of Mexican Americans are U. S. born citizens. The major causes behind the migration of Mexicans to America are self-liberty, quality education, modes to improve economic condition and achieve good living standard. Spanish is the main language for Mexican Americans, some of them are monolingual. But most can fluently speak both English and Spanish. The attitude of the Mexican Americans is something to be watched as more than 90% of them are literate. Their respect towards others is also acclaimed as their communications are respectful in manner. They are one of the strict believers in the concept of familism (Nash, 2007) and value family considerations over individual as well very much rely on family in times of crisis. Patriarchy is the trend of Mexican American family. Earlier, they used to neglect family planning but at present time they have been active in that. Largely they are the followers of Roman Catholicism. They look at churches as powerful source of hope, faith and strength while spirituality and religion play significant role in times of illness, health and life. Their housing conditions are really bad as they live in colonies not appropriate for living to low-income. Central and South Americans stand second in the American Hispanic population. They owe their origin to different countries such as Guatemala, Venezuela, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Panama, and Argentina among others. These groups of people display a vast diversity due to their different origins. Most of them migrated from their respective countries in the period of 1970s and 1980s when the region was going through political turbulence. Nicaragua, El Salvador and Guatemala were suffering from civil wars that made their people to flee in search of stable life. In the present time too, the immigration is on due to different causes. Although many of them arrived in U. S. as refuges, gradually they acquired political asylum from the state. Cheap accommodation and easy immigrant services made most of the Central and South Americans settle in California. They speak other languages rather than Spanish, which is a main language, such as French and Portuguese. Though Catholicism is the main religion, Protestants and Jews as well as other beliefs are followed by this group. They have high religious values. Males are treated as the head of the family. Due to intermarriage among this group and other Hispanics or Europeans, they have become much diversified. The education level of Central and South Americans is much appreciable than other Hispanics but still they lack behind in employment tin respects of other groups. Third largest group belonging to Hispanic community are the Puerto Ricans as they became U. S. citizens after Jones Act of 1917. (Stacy, 2002) But they are not allowed to vote in U. S. Presidential elections. They are mainly settled in industrial areas such as the states of Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, and New York due to the availability of employment opportunity. Wherever they settled, they tried to hold on their tradition and culture and formed various groups and organizations to support them. Puerto Rican Americans pay huge respect to education but still they maintain a low level than other Hispanics which makes parents encourage their children to pursue good education for better future. They are bilingual speaking both Spanish and English. The expressive nature of Puerto Ricans and their hospitality is well known. They possess high respect for women, parents and elderly people and family units that they even allow more than one family living together. Puerto Ricans are followers of Catholicism and seek support from religion and spiritualism in tough situations. Their approach to health and illness is based on these beliefs. Cubans too comprise a significant part of the Hispanic community. Cuban immigration to America can be traced back to history but the major wave was created during the political turmoil of 1959 which still continues today. They have their bases at Miami, Florida and New Jersey. They can be considered as the most affluent among all the Hispanic groups due to their well performance in education, which led to better employment opportunities and a good quality lifestyle. Till recent past they faced problem in speaking English, but nowadays they have overcome that. The Cuban Americans are very much into their culture that they most often do not show much interest in the Anglo culture. They hold a rather conservative outlook towards politics due to their experience in their native country. They possess diverse beliefs of religion; still Catholicism is more prevalent among them. They stand against communism holds much important place in U. S. The Hispanic groups in spite of their various origins share some commonalities as well some major differences among them. Spanish is a bond that binds all of them, while most of them are bilingual. Approach towards education is another common factor between them as all the groups show very much respect to education as they know it is the only key to good living. Religion too makes them stand on a common platform as most of the Hispanic Americans are followers of Catholicism. Political perspective is one thing that creates differences among these groups as each of them has their respective political idea. Cuban Americans support Republicans as they are inclined towards conservative idea of politics whereas Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Central and South Americans have a liking for democrats. Still, Catholic faith, language and belief in their respective culture make them stand on a single platform.

Martin Luther King and Malcolm X - 1715 Words

When people hear the word Civil Rights Movement, two men automatically come to their minds, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. While both these men had very different views and ideas, they also shared similarities. Part of the reason for their different views was because one was in the South and the other was in the North. Martin saw a Dream that could be fulfilled in the South and Malcolm saw a Nightmare, which would never end in the North. Martin and Malcolm were raised in very different homes. Martin Luther King Jr. grew up in Atlanta; his family status was that of the middle class, he never experienced poverty or hunger like Malcolm did. Martin was raised in a loving and supporting environment. His parents instilled in†¦show more content†¦The early years of his life were spent in the streets where he was the leader of an organized burglar ring which gave him the money he needed to support his cocaine habit. Malcolm was arrested and sentenced to eight to ten years at Charlestown. While in prison, Malcolm took the opportunity to improve his reading ability. He used a dictionary as an encyclopedia as well as a vocabulary-building device,6by copying the words down on sheets of paper. It was there in prison that Malcolm was introduced to the teachings of Elijah Muhammad. Through Muhammads teachings, Malcolm reformed himself. He stopped smoking and drinking, he no longer ate pork, and he obeyed every rule and regulation that was set by Muhammad. Thus, he was paroled and went to live with Muhammad and preach to his followers. Since Malcolm joined the Nation of Islam, his philosophies were based on the Nations philosophies. It was during this time that Malcolm developed his non-nonviolence self-defense philosophy. Malcolm did not believe in the turn the other cheek method that Martin used. Malcolm believed in the eye for an eye method. Malcolm also preached heavily the need for self-love. He believed that in order for change to occur black people must first love themselves as who they are. All of us are black first he toldShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King And Malcolm X1424 Words   |  6 Pagesegalitarian society. They were promulgated by Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, leaders of this movement, that despite having the same aims, its methodology for achieving them was radically different. While King advocated nonviolence and peaceful means, the attitude of Malcolm X was much more radical, making a common trait of aggression. Both leaders used the speech as a way to spread their ideology. In the problem is still here, mainly, what Malcolm X wants to convey to your audience is that theRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X988 Words   |  4 Pagesand why the way we are today. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are two very great examples and representations for this. What people do not realize is that there are a lot of similarities and differences between Malcolm and Martin. Martin was born and raised as a middle classes men and was extremely educated. On the other hand, Malcolm was not raised like Malcolm at all. Malcolm grew up in a deplorable environment and no school was around for Malcolm. Martin believed that violence was neverRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X1171 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were pioneers in America’s Civil Rights Movement, with the goal of protecting and developing the black community. They wanted to achieve the same goal but, with very different approaches. While King was more of the â€Å"peaceful protesting† type, X was the â€Å"eye for an eye† type, in the beginning of his journey. Both of these men demanded respect and acquired it. Their wives Coretta Scott King and Betty Dean Sanders took over their legacies after their passingRead MoreMartin Luther King Vs Malcolm X1436 Words   |  6 PagesSelene Sandoval Professor Solheim History 108 CRN # 20244 16 October 2016 Martin Luther King VS Malcolm X Ronald Regan once said: â€Å"Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn t pass it to our children in the bloodstream. It must be fought for, protected, and handed on for them to do the same.† In fact, American history has had a great deal of leaders that brought change by improving the lives of others. These leaders introduced new ideas, models, and theories toRead MoreComparing Martin Luther King And Malcolm X917 Words   |  4 Pagescontrast Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both civil rights leaders during the 1960s, but had different ideologies on how civil rights should be won. 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Illustrated through their speeches, Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† and Malcolm X’s â€Å"Talk to Young African Americans†, the two did not share techniques or ideas. Yet both men had the support of millions and millions of people. One of the worlds best known advocates of non-violent social change strategies was Martin Luther King Jr. He synthesized ideals drawn from many different culturalRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X1491 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence of this period. Two strong leaders from this era were Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Martin Luther King Jr. made a bigger impact on the population than Malcolm X because of his speeches, beliefs, direct and peaceful activities, and the effect his death had on the population. Martin Luther King Jr.’s belief was that people of all colors, including both blacks and whites, could live in eternal peace and equality. King believed that â€Å"an unjust law is no law at all† (Dinar, par.12)Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr. And Malcolm X Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesWithout Martin Luther King, there is no Malcolm X. Without Malcolm X, there is no Martin Luther King. There couldn’t have been one without the other. They were complete opposites; they were two of the most different men. Nevertheless, they were fighting for the same thing. They were fighting for the civil rights of African Americans in a country thought to have been based on â€Å"freedom† and â€Å"equality†. These two men were brave enough to stand up for what they believed in, for what was right. They were

Guidelines for Revising a Composition

Revision  means  looking again  at what we have written to see how we can improve it. Some of us start revising as soon as we begin a rough  draft--restructuring and rearranging sentences as we work out our ideas. Then we return to the draft, perhaps several times, to make further revisions. Revision as Opportunity Revising is an opportunity to reconsider our topic, our readers, even our purpose for writing. Taking the time to rethink our approach may encourage us to make major changes in the content and structure of our work. As a general rule, the best time to revise is not right after youve completed a draft (although at times this is unavoidable). Instead, wait a few hours--even a day or two, if possible--in order to gain some distance from your work. This way youll be less protective of your writing and better prepared to make changes.   One last bit of advice: read your work aloud when you revise. You may hear problems in your writing that you cant see. Never think that what youve written cant be improved. You should always try to make the sentence that much better and make a scene that much clearer. Go over and over the words and reshape them as many times as is needed.(Tracy Chevalier, Why I Write. The Guardian, Nov. 24, 2006) Revision Checklist Does the essay have a clear and concise main idea? Is this idea made clear to the reader in a thesis statement early in the essay (usually in the introduction)?Does the essay have a specific purpose (such as to inform, entertain, evaluate, or persuade)? Have you made this purpose clear to the reader?Does the introduction create interest in the topic and make your audience want to read on?Is there a clear plan and sense of organization to the essay? Does each paragraph develop logically from the previous one?Is each paragraph clearly related to the main idea of the essay? Is there enough information in the essay to support the main idea?Is the main point of each paragraph clear? Is each point adequately and clearly defined in a topic sentence and supported with specific details?Are there clear transitions from one paragraph to the next? Have key words and ideas been given proper emphasis in the sentences and paragraphs?Are the sentences clear and direct? Can they be understood on the first reading? Are the sentences varied in length and structure? Could any sentences be improved by combining or restructuring them?Are the words in the essay clear and precise? Does the essay maintain a consistent tone?Does the essay have an effective conclusion--one that emphasizes the main idea and provides a sense of completeness? Once you have finished revising your essay, you can turn your attention to the finer details of editing and proofreading your work.

Multiculturalism In Music Essay - 1450 Words

Visualize in your head a rock band, and a rapper. What kind of clothes are they wearing. What lyric styles are they singing in? And what color are they? Ongoing stereotypes suggest that the rock band is a group of white musicians and the rapper would be black. However, examples from the past and present shows that these stereotypes are untrue. Music is defined as â€Å"The art of organizing tones to produce a coherent sequence of sounds to elicit an aesthetic response in a listener† (Morris, 864). This country’s youth is unlike any others, we have much control over what we do, and music is something that evolves around all of us. In this essay, I will discuss the evolution of youth music ranging from early rock, to today’s hip hop stars, from†¦show more content†¦It gave them a feeling of freedom and joy that had been lacking from previous music styles. Although rock became an instant hit with the youth, the music caused displeasure in the adult world. R ock was criticized for â€Å"juvenile delinquency to loosened sexual standards† (Ramp;RG, 27). The most notorious example of what adults didn’t like in rock music can be found in Elvis Presley. Elvis was the first white performer to expose an audience to rock music. However, the free-will style Elvis exhibited was not a real big hit with the adults, where he was condemned as a â€Å" whirling dervish of sex.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Rock music then went on a tear, evolving into many different styles and forms. As rock matured and diversified, many new artists and distinct styles emerged. Such examples are blues, featured by B.B. King and Ruth Brown. Harmonious styles such as The Orioles, the energetic swing sounds of Little Richard, the role-model rock star Pat Boone, and the folk rock of the Everly Brothers. Rock usually evolved to what was happening in the world during that time period, such as war, politics, current events, and lifestyles. Another aspect that evolved rock music was technology. As more and more technology was developed, more integrated sounds were brought into rock, eventually resulting into such music as pop and disco. Music was now able to have artificial ‘beats’ that traditional instruments could not produce. This new form ofShow MoreRelatedMultiracial Identity in Essays by Julia Alvarez and Danzy Senna876 Words   |  4 Pagesmultiracialism can increa se their profit margin. Thus, we see the bombardment of multiracialism in pop culture today. This is especially apparent in the entertainment industry, particularly the music industry. Many celebrities now take pride in their multiethnic, multiracial heritage. Nowadays, it is chic for many music artists to be of multiracial background. Where one had to choose between one or the either, as Senna and in part Alvarez had, it was considered okay to claim a multiracial background evenRead MoreEssay on Hsu Hua the End of White America1095 Words   |  5 PagesSarah Thompson Dr. Campbell English 101 April 22, 2013 The End of White America Hua Hsu is the author of â€Å"The End of White America’† and also teaches in the English Department at Vassar College. He’s known for writing about music, sports and culture. Many of his articles have appeared in magazines such as The Village Voice, The Boston Globe, The Atlantic and The New York Times. In his article â€Å"The End of White America?† Hua Hsu attempts to convince the reader that demographic shifts, immigrationRead MoreHow Intercultural Communication Works At The Site With Examples1270 Words   |  6 PagesThe site was chosen in assignment two and is the 2015 Aria Awards, which is an annual event, held annually in Sydney exclusively for the music industry. The Aria Awards were chosen has been chosen as I work in the music industry and have a passion for new and existing talent. The Aria Awards involves forms of intercultural communication in various areas and situations that can be detailed in three theories. Identifying or focusing on three situations on a particular aspect of the site and providingRead MoreEssay On Ethnicity And Multiculturalism1359 Words   |  6 PagesThe meaning of music and its value has evolved over the years of its birth. In the present world, music is now interpreted and taken as one can imagine it. The idea and worth of music to an individual or group can mean anything to them. There is no consistent meaning of music because anyone can create their own meaning rather than following another’s. Ethnicity on the other hand has a solid definition. From the Oxford Concise Dictionary of Sociology, â€Å"Ethnicity defines individuals who consider themselvesRead MoreMulticulturalism in America: A Modern Day Interpretation1610 Words   |  6 PagesMulticulturalism in America: A Modern Day Interpretation In America, people are born and raised to believe that this country was founded on human rights such as life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. In reality these rights were not always accessible for minorities in United States. Minorities in America have had to overcome obstacles including being treated as second class citizens. Multiculturalism has existed alongside the history of America ever since the setters migrated to the new worldRead MoreEssay about The Aspects of Multiculturalism in Canada838 Words   |  4 Pagesreputation of being culturally and ethnically diverse. While multiculturalism is meant to be built on equality and appreciation of different cultures, its concept has gained both support and opposition. 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Furthermore Manning argued that there are threeRead MoreMulticulturalism : Is It A Issue?1735 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years multiculturalism has fast become a pressing issue in our modern world. Especially in the western world where liberal democracy is embraced as the dominant philosophy. As Globalization occurs the borders between countries previously writ in stone are now blurred. Globalization has increased the inter-connectedness of our world. The world appears to have become smaller. Mankind as a species has become more interconnected than ever before, due to technological advancements, such as theR ead MoreReservation Blues By Sherman Alexie1256 Words   |  6 Pagesin the country to become part of the Americans culture that is often dominated by the majority white population. The process of assimilation occurs across all the different groups in the history of the country, and eventually, contributes to multiculturalism. 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Case Pneumonia free essay sample

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by an infection. It is also called Pneumonitis or Bronchopneumonia. Pneumonia can be a serious threat to our health. Although pneumonia is a special concern for older adults and those with chronic illnesses, it can also strike young, healthy people as well. It is a common illness that affects thousands of people each year in the Philippines, thus, it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the country. There are many kinds of pneumonia that range in seriousness from mild to life-threatening. In infectious pneumonia, bacteria, viruses, fungi or other organisms attack your lungs, leading to inflammation that makes it hard to breathe. Pneumonia can affect one or both lungs. In the young and healthy, early treatment with antibiotics can cure bacterial pneumonia. The drugs used to fight pneumonia are determined by the germ causing the pneumonia and the judgment of the doctor. It’s best to do everything we can to prevent pneumonia, but if one do get sick, recognizing and treating the disease early offers the best chance for a full recovery. A case with a diagnosis of Pneumonia may catch one’s attention, though the disease is just like an ordinary cough and fever, it can lead to death especially when no intervention or care is done. Since the case is a toddler, an appropriate care has to be done to make the patient’s recovery faster. Treating patients with pneumonia is necessary to prevent its spread to others and make them as another victim of this illness. The lungs constitute the largest organ in the respiratory system. They play an important role in respiration, or the process of providing the body with oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. The lungs expand and contract up to 20 times per minute taking in and disposing of those gases. Air that is breathed in is filled with oxygen and goes to the trachea, which branches off into one of two bronchi. Each bronchus enters a lung. There are two lungs, one on each side of the breastbone and protected by the ribs. Each lung is made up of lobes, or sections. There are three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left one. The lungs are cone shaped and made of elastic, spongy tissue. Within the lungs, the bronchi branch out into minute pathways that go through the lung tissue. The pathways are called bronchioles, and they end at microscopic air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded by capillaries and provide oxygen for the blood in these vessels. The oxygenated blood is then pumped by the heart throughout the body. The alveoli also take in carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled from the body. Inhaling is due to contractions of the diaphragm and of muscles between the ribs. Exhaling results from relaxation of those muscles. Each lung is surrounded by a two-layered membrane, or the pleura, that under normal circumstances has a very, very small amount of fluid between the layers. The fluid allows the membranes to easily slide over each other during breathing. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Pneumonia is a serious infection or inflammation of your lungs. The air sacs in the lungs fill with pus and other liquid. Oxygen has trouble reaching your blood. If there is too little oxygen in your blood, your body cells can’t work properly. Because of this and spreading infection through the body pneumonia can cause death. Pneumonia affects your lungs in two ways. Lobar pneumonia affects a section (lobe) of a lung. Bronchial pneumonia (or bronchopneumonia) affects patches throughout both lungs. Bacteria are the most common cause of pneumonia. Of these, Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common. Other pathogens include anaerobic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, C. psittaci, C. trachomatis, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Legionella pneumophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other gram-negative bacilli. Major pulmonary pathogens in infants and children are viruses: respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza A and B viruses. Among other agents are higher bacteria including Nocardia and Actinomyces sp; mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical strains; fungi, including Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Pneumocystis carinii; and rickettsiae, primarily Coxiella burnetii (Q fever). The usual mechanisms of spread are inhaling droplets small enough to reach the alveoli and aspirating secretions from the upper airways. Other means include hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination and direct spread from contiguous infections. Predisposing factors include upper respiratory viral infections, alcoholism, institutionalization, cigarette smoking, heart failure, chronic obstructive airway disease, age extremes, debility, immunocompromise (as in diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure), compromised consciousness, dysphagia, and exposure to transmissible agents. Typical symptoms include cough, fever, and sputum production, usually developing over days and sometimes accompanied by pleurisy. Physical examination may detect tachypnea and signs of consolidation, such as crackles with bronchial breath sounds. This syndrome is commonly caused by bacteria, such as S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. NURSING PROFILE a. Patient’s Profile Name: R. C. S. B. Age: 1 yr,1 mo. Weight:10 kgs Religion: Roman Catholic Mother: C. B. Address: Valenzuela City b. Chief Complaint: Fever Date of Admission: 1st admission